Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are a critical component for most modern electronics, as the product’s electronic components are assembled on them. But what does it take to bring these essential components from design to reality? We’re going to show you the PCB fabrication process. You’ll see the key production steps and the technology and craftsmanship involved in a PCB manufacturing facility.
Watch this video to see behind-the-scenes at our neighboring PCB supplier’s facility (conveniently sharing our site) where we sometimes outsource some PCB fabrication.
As you will see, their facility is well-equipped and we feel that it provides high-quality PCBs.
Summary of PCB Fabrication Steps
The PCB fabrication process involves several precise and automated steps to ensure quality and functionality:
- CNC Hole Drilling
CNC machines create holes or vias in the substrate, enabling electrical connections between different PCB layers. - Copper Etching
Copper-clad panels are processed through chemical etching tanks to remove unwanted copper, forming the intricate circuit patterns. - Panel Scoring and Depth Inspection
PCBs are scored to prepare for individual unit separation, with depth carefully inspected to meet precise specifications. - Silkscreen Printing
The process begins with an automated silkscreen machine printing legends and artwork onto both sides of the PCB simultaneously, streamlining production. - Solder Paste Application
Solder paste is applied to designated points for component placement, either during fabrication or later in the SMT production stage. - CNC Routing
If specific shapes or features like slots are required, CNC routing machines refine the PCBs accordingly. - Automated Optical Inspection (AOI)
The integrity of the PCBs is checked using an automated AOI scanner. This step is one of many quality assurance measures. - Manual Rework
Panels with minor defects are manually rectified, ensuring bridging and track issues are resolved before proceeding. - Final Inspection
The production process culminates in a final inspection, where quality is verified before the PCBs are shipped to customers.
Conclusion
PCB fabrication blends precision engineering and advanced automation. From CNC hole drilling to final inspection, these steps culminate in the delivery of PCBs with consistent quality that you can then go away and attach your components to, creating the final PCBAs.
Key points to consider about the PCB fabrication process:
- Automation for improved efficiency: This is a highly automated process, where most steps utilize machines to improve accuracy and speed (even the checking).
- Quality is checked often: There are inspections at various stages to ensure product quality is consistent.
- Versatile fabrication to fit your project’s needs: CNC routing and solder paste application show how fabrication adapts to specific PCB design needs.
Get help from our team to do your PCBA!
Now you have your PCBs you need to attach your components to them for prototype testing and validation and, eventually, production. We can help. Learn more here.
